High-level languages include features that reflect or align with elements of the problem domain.
Programmers can move hardware-independent code from one computer to another fairly easily. High-level programming languages are (mostly) independent of the hardware.
Programming languages are often described as high-level or low-level. Really, everything before C is irrelevant to the concepts covered here. Java and Objective C were also greatly influenced by the Smalltalk programming language. C++ was derived from the C programming language and serves as the basis for the Java and C# programming languages.
The pattern that defines a correct program represents the programming language's syntax.Ĭ++ is an imperative programming language that traces its lineage to FORTRAN, the first high-level programming language. Statements, and therefore programs, are composed of a pattern of keywords, symbols, and programmer-named entities. Programs written in imperative languages (like Java and C++) consist of a sequence of statements, where each statement is an instruction that causes the computer to do one operation. Declarative "languages are 'higher level' than imperative languages, in that the programmer operates more remotely from the CPU itself" (Appleby and VandeKopple, 1997, p. Declarative programs focus on the computation logic rather than on the flow of data - these programming languages do not make assignments to variables. Simply put, imperative programs calculate values and store the values into variables for later use. Programs based on the imperative paradigm perform computations based on state changes (where a program's state is its current condition or activity, and is determined by the values stored in all its variables at any given time). Imperative (e.g., C, C++, Java, C#, Python, PERL, Pascal, Ada, etc.).If we examine the kinds of problems they solve and the ways they calculate the solutions, two distinct approaches emerge, and we can further divide the second approach into three separate subcategories: We can categorize programming languages in many different ways.